Monday, 20 May 2024

Nigerian Pentecostal megachurches a booming business

Pentecostal churches are wildly popular in Nigeria — and increasingly rich, as they run thriving businesses empires on the side. Critics say they exploit people's faith.

    

 

Nigeria huge church (DW/F. Facsar)

 

"The siege of unemployment is over in your life, the siege of business stagnation, frustration in your life are finally over."

The prosperity gospel by David Oyedepo sounds hypnotizing. A crowd of 50,000 people is taking in every word. 50,000 — that is the current capacity of the Living Faith Church just outside of Lagos, the country's third biggest Pentecostal church.

Many more listen to Oyedepo outside this megachurch, those who did not get a seat inside. They raise their hands towards the sky in devotion, in hopes their prayers will be heard. Oyedepo is just one of many pastors in Nigeria who promise positive change.

poster advertising pastor Oyedepo (DW/F. Facsar)

Newcomers are always welcome

Pastor's multi-million dollar net worth

The pastor, who calls himself bishop, knows what people in Nigeria need the most: stability and jobs. His net worth is estimated to be $150 million (€128 million). Many of his followers want to be like him. They yearn for prosperity in the country that ha the highest number of people living in extreme poverty worldwide.

 
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Wave of evictions in Lagos exacerbates poverty

Nigeria, instable as the violent campaign by jihadist militants Boko Haram has been raging for almost a decade, has experienced an economic recession in recent years. The government promises change, but the country is plagued by mismanagement and massive corruption. It was during this period that the number of Pentecostal churches began to increase. There are at least 500 in Nigeria, some of them with branches worldwide. Nigerians turn to faith as their trust in the government wanes.

Service as a mass event

The country is already one of the most religious in the world: About 50 percent of the country is Muslim. An estimated 80 million people are Christian and about half of them are members of a Pentecostal church.

I am attending the third service of the Living Faith Church, but it takes a while before I find the entrance. The church is on a huge campus with parking lots, a private university and a school. Friendly welcome teams usher me in with thousands of other worshippers.

Nigeria Kirche Pentecostal (DW/F. Facsar)

A member of the Living Faith Church collects offerings

Media are met with skepticism. So is our camera. A security person follows our every step. We still manage to witness a perfectly choreographed mass event. Inside the church, the crowd is rather reserved at first, but then the gospel music intensifies, reaching every corner inside the building and on the campus via megaphones. The crowd cannot stay seated when their pastor finally shows up. Oyedepo is celebrated like a star. It is in this moment of absolute devotion and ecstasy that huge yellow baskets are passed around to collect the offerings.

Offering baskets fill quickly

Offerings are accepted outside the church, too. And the big donation baskets fill quickly. People believe that the more you give during and after the church service, the more your wealth will increase.

After church, there are plenty of ways to spend more money. How about olive oil for $5 per bottle? In a country with a minimum wage of $50 per month, that is a small fortune. The vendor explains to me that this is very special oil because it is blessed. "And once you believe and use the oil, it cures sickness, it cures anything, people have been cured from HIV by using just this oil," he says.

woman with a box and bottles of oil (DW/F. Facsar)

Olive oil for $5, anyone?

Faith, a commercial business

Critics disapprove of this business practice. Each Pentecostal churches promises economic salvation, promises solutions. "That comes with a price tag. Francis Falako tells me. "People's faith is being exploited," the professor of religious studies at the University of Lagos adds.

"Most of these pastors are not there to serve, they are there to enrich themselves, if you question some of their practices, they quote the Bible to support themselves and say Jesus was not poor," Falako says.

Churches are not required to pay taxes. With the rise in extreme poverty, some politicians want to change that, which is highly unpopular among those who believe positive change is only possible through their faith — and not their government.

The Living Faith Church plans to expand and build a new church in Nigeria, with a rotating altar and capacity to seat 100,000 people.

  • A portrait of Daniel Obinim sitting in an armchair (Tomaso Clavarino )
     

    MAKING MONEY WITH GOD

    Celebrity preachers

    Daniel Obinim was 40 when he created an empire with his International God’s Way Church. In a recent interview, he stated that Jesus granted him over 20 houses, eight Range Rovers, five SUVs and three Chryslers. He has built three of the largest churches in Ghana. He has been arrested for hitting a journalist, and whipping a boy and a girl who were in a relationship in front of his congregation.

     
    Women dressed for church walking past a bus (Tomaso Clavarino)
     

    MAKING MONEY WITH GOD

    Rising number of faithful

    On the African continent evangelical, pentecostal and charismatic churches are attracting the greatest numbers. According to the Washington-based Pew Research Center, there were around 3 million evangelicals in Ghana in 2000, and 5.5 million by 2015. Pentecostals and charismatics numbered around 6.5 million in 2000 and 10 million by 2015.

     
    A billboard advertising a church and its pastors (Tomaso Clavarino)
     

    MAKING MONEY WITH GOD

    Roadside visibility

    Ghana's streets and crossroads are dotted with signs and advertisements for churches. Many of the churches were founded and are currently managed by just one person, one prophet, or one pastor.

    A woman checks her phone in a film studio (Tomaso Clavarino)
     

    MAKING MONEY WITH GOD

    Live shows spread the word

    Ghanaian church leaders are powerful. Their word travels far and is not limited to Sunday mornings and mid-week services. There are TV channels and web TV channels that reach a large audience far beyond their own congregations. This picture was taken backstage during a live show at pastor Daniel Obinim's OB TV.

    Loud speakers mounted on top of each other on stage (Tomaso Clavarino)
     

    MAKING MONEY WITH GOD

    The obligatory sound system

    Each church, from the biggest to the smallest, has a huge sound system. Music played at high volume is part of every service, whether on Sunday or during the all-night services in the middle of the week. The noise can be unbearable for those who are not used to it and for those who live or work nearby.

     
    Young women and men in choir uniforms raise their hands in song (Tomaso Clavarino)
     

    MAKING MONEY WITH GOD

    A place for the young

    Youth are a strong part of the church community. The evangelical, pentecostal or charismatic churches have a number of similarities: A literal reading of the bible, the emphasis on wealth and wellness, a strong commitment to spreading the Gospel, faith in a divine power for curing illness and injuries, and a belief in miracles.

     

    Two men stand behind microphones in a sound studio (Tomaso Clavarino)
     

    MAKING MONEY WITH GOD

    On air at dawn

    Radio is very important to the pastors and prophets. You can listen to their radio shows all day on different channels. Here, two assistants of Prophet Nigel Gaise are about to go on air at four in the morning. Gaise runs a church called the True Fire Prophetic Ministry. He claims to hear the word of God and is known to make predictions on politics and celebrity news.

    Author: Tomaso Clavarino (Supported by: Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting )

     

     

    Credit link:  https://www.dw.com/en/nigerian-pentecostal-megachurches-a-booming-business/a-45535263

     

     

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